SG CSD Prequalifying Exam Practice

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• Which of the following is NOT part of a complete FEES examination?
• Which design emphasizes detailed analysis of the behavior of a single subject or a small number of subjects over time?
• A client is instructed to generate a procedural narrative about getting ready to leave the house. This difficulty most likely reflects problems with which aspect of executive function?
• Which muscle is primarily responsible for producing the vowels /i/ and /u/?
• Dementia is best described as:
• Alveolarization involves
• Which statement best describes the role of external aids in memory strategies?
• In articulation therapy, when is mirror practice most appropriately used?
• Which component is NOT part of the Clinical Swallow Evaluation (CSE)?
• What characterizes a static AAC display?
• Experimental _________ is achieved through introduction and withdrawal, staggered introduction, or iterative manipulation of the independent variable.
• Which statement best describes AAC strategies?
• Inappropriate emotional responses due to a disconnection between the limbic system and frontal lobe implies damage to which brain structure?
• In auditory stimulation/imitation (articulation TX), what sequence describes the standard session?
• Which set best describes the core executive function processes?
• Which of the following lists the middle ear ossicles correctly?
• The two primary components of the WHO-ICF are:
• Which of the following is a symptom of dysphagia?
• The phonetic level is related to the surface level form, while the phonemic level is related to:
• What action does the cricothyroid muscle perform?
• Which cranial nerves have primarily motor function?
• Which elements should be included when explaining a neuropsychological test result to a parent?
• Repeated measurement of the dependent variable is a characteristic of which study design?
• Velar fronting is best described as
• Language comprehension is primarily associated with which brain region?
• On an audiogram, which symbol denotes right-sided air conduction?
• Stopping is the replacement of fricatives or affricates with a
• Kos (1991) sought to explore affective, social, and educational factors that may have contributed to the development of reading disabilities in four adolescents.
• Pressed voice is produced by which activation pattern according to Hirano?
• Perceptual dimensions used to differentiate dysarthria types include which of the following?
• Which artery supplies blood to major speech areas such as Broca's and Wernicke's areas?
• The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates which muscle?
• Which factor is most closely associated with macrostructure in narrative analysis?
• Which of the following is NOT a phonotraumatic behavior?
• Which of the following is the correct label for the acoustic parameter known as harmonic power?
• Final consonant deletion describes
• Which statement about metacognition assessment during reading is supported by the material?
• A 68-year-old patient presents with gradual bilateral high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, and their speech reception threshold matches their pure-tone average. What is the most likely etiology?
• Shimmer represents _____
• Which activity best represents variable practice?
• Which of the following is NOT considered a higher-order executive control function process?
• Which statement correctly characterizes rehabilitative strategies for dysphagia?
• Which of the following is NOT typically listed as a core executive function process?
• An air-bone gap of 15 dB or greater with bone conduction in the normal range indicates which type of hearing loss, given a threshold of 55 dB HL?
• Johnny is a 7th grade student who demonstrates morphosyntax deficits. Which type of discourse would yield the most meaningful and educationally relevant data?
• What is the function of the extrinsic laryngeal muscles?
• Initial consonant deletion describes
• Which populations are commonly associated with impaired executive function?
• Which muscle group elevates the larynx by lifting the hyoid bone?
• Which statement best differentiates Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease (LPRD) from Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?
• Treatment of the empty set is described as which of the following?
• A patient exhibits progressive cognitive deficits with difficulty remembering and completing basic self-care tasks. Which diagnosis is most likely?
• What does ALARA stand for and what are the protective measures?
• Which type of hearing loss is most commonly permanent and due to inner ear damage?
• What is the perceptual correlate of amplitude?
• A stroke caused by fatty deposits gradually occluding arterial walls, reducing blood flow to the brain, is which type?
• Which of the following is NOT a dysarthria type?
• A sudden loss of voice during a performance is most consistent with which vocal pathology?
• Which statement best describes the progression of primary progressive aphasia (PPA)?
• Which of the following are extrinsic tongue muscles?
• Which symbol type means meaning is not guessable from the shape but an association can form?
• Which term describes a neurological speech sound disorder in which precision and consistency of movements underlying speech are impaired in the absence of neuromuscular deficits?
• An air-bone gap on audiometry suggests:
• Which statement about percentile ranks is true?
• Which characteristic is NOT typically used to distinguish dysarthria types?
• Which cranial nerve is associated with epiglottic retroflexion during swallowing?
• Which sentence characteristic makes the sentence 'The winning goal was scored by my brother.' tough to understand?
• Brown's 14 Morphemes primarily describe aspects of which language component?
• Which feature is most characteristic of apraxia of speech?
• Which of the following is NOT a criterion to determine the presence of a phonological disorder?
• Which phonological process involves making a non-labial consonant more labial (lip rounding)?
• Which of the following is a screening test for dysphagia?
• Metacognition is best described as thinking about thinking.
• Which symbol type has no relationship between symbol and referent and must be learned?
• Which muscle is NOT an intrinsic laryngeal muscle?
• In the laryngeal vestibule, which structure forms the front boundary?
• Dysarthria is best described as which of the following?
• Which feature is typical of true vocal fold pathology due to reflux?
• During a clinical session, Mr. Star requires several prompts to initiate conversation. He stares at his food during meals, and she has to tell him to pick up his utensils to start eating. Which lobe is affected?
• Morphosyntax deficits are most evident in sentences that require
• Mastication means what?
• Which of the following are liquids?
• An acquired neurological disorder characterized by difficulty reading, writing, and understanding conversations, while speech remains intact, most likely indicates which condition?
• What does a tympanogram depict?
• What is the adult hearing screening threshold in decibels?
• Indicate the type of research associated with the purpose statement. The relative efficacy of Milieu Language Teaching and the Communication Training Program was related to pretreatment differences in preschool children.
• Which artery supplies blood to the surfaces of the brain including lateral frontal/parietal lobes and medial surfaces, with executive function deficits when occluded?
• Which form of neglect is characterized by reduced response or recognition of tactile stimulation beyond any hemisensory deficit?
• Which term refers to the branch that analyzes how phonemes function to distinguish meaning in a language?
• Mrs. DeDe has an upper motor neuron lesion impacting speech intelligibility due to muscle weakness.
• Which statement best defines articulation disorder?
• Which sound is palatal?
• Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve typically results in which voice quality?
• Executive function primarily relies on:
• When a school district asks for the return of an AAC device at the end of the school year, this represents which type of barrier?
• Which form of neglect involves reduced attention or processing of visual stimuli and difficulty disengaging visual attention to shift to another area?
• Which set of cranial nerves is important for speech and swallowing?
• Fundamental frequency directly reflects the vibratory rate of the vocal folds and is an acoustic correlate of which attribute?
• In the laryngeal vestibule, which structure forms the bottom boundary?
• Intrinsic laryngeal muscles can perform which functions?
• Which option correctly contrasts the five-layer vocal fold model with the tissue model?
• Pressures are measured in which units?
• A thin liquid is consumed and sits above the vocal folds but does not clear. How is this classified?
• Which artery supplies major speech areas such as Broca's area and Wernicke's area, and whose deficits affect speech and language across most lobes?
• Which statement best describes the supraglottic swallow technique?
• Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) is best described as what?
• Which statement best describes opaque symbols?
• Which of the following is a perceptual speech characteristic evaluated by CAPE-V?
• In what stage of phonological development do pre-linguistic children start to coo?
• Which example best represents training in specific skills rather than direct attention training?
• Gliding refers to the replacement of
• In experimental research, the independent variable is defined as
• What does sound modification in articulation therapy entail?
• Jitter represents _____
• Which statement best describes the oral preparatory phase regarding bolus handling?
• A stroke resulting in reduced speech intelligibility due to impaired motor programming is best described as which condition?
• Which suffix is commonly listed among Brown's 14 Morphemes?
• What is the primary measurement of intensity for a pure tone test?
• Gillon (2000) aimed to evaluate the effects of phonological awareness intervention on the phonological awareness ability and observe transfer effects to word recognition and reading comprehension performance.
• Which of the following is an example of prospective memory?
• SODA stands for which set of categories?
• What type of sanction is disclosed only to the person found in violation and the person who originally filed the complaint?
• What best defines augmentative and alternative communication (AAC)?
• Which perceptual voice assessment uses a visual-analog scale for overall severity and related attributes?
• In CN V role, which of the following best describes its functions?
• Which statement is NOT listed as a way to respond during pure-tone testing?
• Which outcome best demonstrates learning?
• Levator veli palatini attaches to which structures?
• A pure-tone threshold of 55 dB HL falls into which general severity category?
• Which strategy would you NOT use to teach complex sentence structures?
• Which of the following is a core concept of LSVT?
• Which memory subtype concerns facts and knowledge such as names?
• Which measure quantifies the ratio of harmonic energy to noise in a voice signal?
• An audiogram shows air conduction thresholds at 55 dB HL and bone conduction thresholds at 15 dB HL in the right ear across all frequencies. How should this hearing loss be classified?
• Which term describes memory of personal life events?
• Which subsystem of speech pertains to the flow of air from the lungs?
• A hypothesis describing no difference between groups on a variable is called
• AOS: A neurological speech disorder affecting the planning and programming of speech movements, resulting in errors in articulation and prosody.
• What marks the beginning of the esophageal phase of swallowing?
• Which term describes auditory-perceptual aspect of voice?
• Which cranial nerve is responsible for forming the labial seal?
• Megan is a 39-year-old nurse with moderate dysphonia and intermittent breathy breaks on voiceless sounds; voice is normal when she laughs. Which diagnosis is most likely?
• Which cranial nerve is responsible for mastication?
• The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve provides sensory information to the larynx via which structure?
• Which statement best describes multiple oppositions therapy?
• Left vocal fold paralysis due to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve looping around which structure?
• Which phonological process best explains the changes observed in the sample words (Truck, Crown, Bar, Plate, Bus)?
• Which statement best describes the features of telegraphic sentences?
• The type of attention most relevant to the cocktail party problem is ____ attention.
• A child shows consistent initial consonant deletion patterns in speech. The most likely diagnosis is
• Which statement about maximal oppositions approach is true?
• Which part of a neuron transmits information?
• In typical language development, at what age do a variety of word classes and sentence types emerge?
• Which sound is velar?
• In therapy described as using the child’s interests and play with questions, what type of approach is this?
• Which reason explains why the goal described for expressive language practice is not considered high quality?
• Which brain structure serves as a major interhemispheric connector?
• In a client with articulation errors such as f/v, remediation would best begin by focusing on which feature?
• The left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under which structure?
• T or F. Administering the Test of Narrative Language is the only valid method for eliciting a language sample.
• Which approach is categorized as a phonetic/motor (traditional articulation) approach?
• Which cranial nerve is XII?
• The task of repeating 'puh-puh-puh' primarily informs us about which motor dimension?
• Which type of attention involves multi-tasking or doing two things at once?
• Which AAC layout option is described as a multi-page grid display (book) that combines several organizational strategies to support different functions?
• Which of the following is a bound morpheme used as a prefix?
• In relation to executive function, which description is most accurate?
• The perceptual correlate of frequency is measured in which unit?
• Left posterior cerebral artery occlusion presents with all of the following except:
• Which type of memory refers to personal experiences and specific events?
• Which behavior is not measurable according to the goal-setting practices?
• Which combination of muscles aids inspiration by elevating the ribs during speech breathing?
• Left posterior cerebral artery stroke is commonly associated with memory impairment; which symptom is less typical?
• Which phonological process is shown when an affricate becomes a fricative?
• Which tool is frequently used to measure effort in attention tasks?
• A young child with limited verbal language who communicates using gestures should have which as the greatest next step in treatment?
• What is a phonemic inventory?
• A standard score of 75 is approximately what distance below the mean?
• Qualitative research questions typically begin with which words?
• In Abductor Spasmodic Dysphonia, phonation bursts occur primarily on which type of sounds?
• In SMART goals, which element ensures progress can be measured with data?
• What is a defining feature of the cycles approach (Hodson & Paden)?
• Mr. Sal demonstrates reduced speech intelligibility; which lobe and cortical area are most likely affected?
• Which muscle is primarily responsible for sealing the velopharyngeal port during swallowing?
• Turner et al. (2019) completed a systematic overview of studies related to Apraxia of Speech and evaluated the results of two or more studies to obtain an overall answer.
• Which statement best describes the inventory of phonemes used to differentiate meaning?
• Maximum phonation time (MPT) is defined as:
• After a stroke, a patient has right-hemiparesis of the leg and slurred speech. Which hemisphere and lobe were likely affected?
• Which muscles make fine adjustments in the abdominal cavity to support phonation and speech breathing by altering intra-abdominal pressure?
• Which muscle is part of the suprahyoid group?
• Which cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue, excluding the palatoglossus?
• An air-bone gap is defined as which of the following?
• How many principles are there in the ASHA Code of Ethics?
• T or F. Morphosyntax skills should only be addressed through spoken discourse.
• Which muscle acts as a relaxer of the vocal folds?
• Which type of hearing loss is caused by problems in the outer or middle ear and can often be fixed medically or surgically?
• What is a phonetic inventory?
• Stage 2: Cooing and laughter or controlled phonation (1-4 months) corresponds to which option?
• In the oral preparatory phase, what happens to the nasal airway?
• Which assessment is considered instrumental for evaluating swallowing?
• Morgan systematically searched published material about the impact of support groups on adolescents with Autism. This study is an example of which research design?
• Which structure is part of the outer ear?
• In the speech sample 'look doggy' 'more cookie' 'no bed' 'mommy good', which term best describes this speech?
• The totality of motor processes involved in planning and execution of sequences of overlapping gestures which result in speech refers to
• In CN IX role, which statement is true?
• Which statement defines working memory?
• Stage 5: Advanced forms (9-18 months) corresponds to which option?
• The presence of a phonological process alone automatically indicates a phonological disorder.
• Which of the following is listed as a risk factor for vocal fold hemorrhage?
• Edentulous means what?
• Which term describes the variable that the researcher actively changes to observe effects?
• Which of the following is NOT a Mixed Methods research design?
• Labialization is the replacement of a non-labial sound by a labial one.
• Which of the following statements correctly describes the end of the pharyngeal phase?
• Contraction of the diaphragm decreases the volume inside of the ribcage, resulting in exhalation.
• Which term describes entrance BELOW the level of the true vocal folds into the laryngeal vestibule?
• Which artery supplies blood to the back lower portions of the brain, including occipital and temporal lobes?
• In audiogram shorthand, AC stands for which of the following?
• According to Stampe, phonological processes are:
• Natural phonology: Speech development is governed by natural phonetic constraints, or processes that simplify articulation.
• Normal subglottal pressure values for adults are in which range?
• Phonological disorder: Which term describes impairment in comprehension of the sound system and the rules governing sound combinations?
• Globus means what?
• A 3-year-old child learned English first and is now being taught Spanish. The child demonstrates age-appropriate skills in English but significant difficulty in Spanish. Which statement best describes the child's language status?
• Intensities are measured in which unit?
• In the SMART goal example, which SMART element is missing from 'Johnny will verbally answer all questions asked of him by his teacher regardless of the topic or question type with 80% across three opportunities'?
• What is a primary purpose of auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing?
• Which set correctly lists the five layers in the 5-Layer Model of the vocal folds?
• Which of the following describes conductive hearing loss on an audiogram?
• Which term describes entrance ABOVE the level of the true vocal folds into the laryngeal vestibule?
• On an audiogram, which symbol denotes left-sided bone conduction?
• Which statement best describes how performance should be measured in goal setting?
• Which of the following statements about executive function is NOT a higher-order executive control function process?
• In Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia, the perceptual voice quality typically is?
• Which statement correctly differentiates PVFM from asthma?
• Which muscle is NOT intrinsic to the larynx?
• What is the perceptual correlate of fundamental frequency (F0)?
• Damage to left hemisphere region commonly associated with reading and language processing is which area?
• Which of the following is NOT part of the laryngeal skeleton?
• Which perceptual attribute describes the perceived location of the voice?
• Which term describes a symbol whose meaning can be guessed from its shape even without a referent?
• What is the threshold of pathology for jitter expressed as a percentage?
• A highly sensitive screening test minimizes which type of error?
• Initial consonant deletion and weak syllable deletion are examples of which pattern when they occur consistently?
• Which SMART component is missing in Jane's year-end writing goal?
• Which statement best describes test-retest reliability?
• Which technique is appropriate for storage-focused interventions?
• AOS: Which disorder describes deficits in planning and programming of speech movements?
• Which vocal pathology is described as a benign, unilateral, fluid-filled lesion often resulting from a single episode of acute vocal trauma?
• Which option correctly defines 'distinctive features'?
• Which of the following would be considered an internal memory strategy?
• Which factor influences Maximum Phonation Time (MPT)?
• In typical development, which stage is associated with basic canonical babbling?
• Which activity best reflects the use of neuroplasticity principles?
• Which example illustrates variable practice?
• Which manner of articulation involves a complete blockage of oral airflow, followed by release?
• According to the chart for the ages of suppression for 'stopping', which fricative would be within the normal limits for a 5-year-old to suppress stopping?
• Which statement about distinctive features is true?
• Which is a rehabilitative dysphagia strategy?
• During the pharyngeal phase, what occurs to prevent nasal regurgitation?
• Subglottal air pressure (Psub) is defined as:
• Which is NOT a component of motivational interviewing's OARS framework?
• The right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under which structure?
• In CN X role, which statement is true?
• A piece of plaque breaks off and travels to smaller arteries, lodging and blocking blood flow. What is this event called?
• A 62-year-old man with a shakiness that worsens with fatigue and improves with wine most likely has which diagnosis?
• Which muscle is the primary muscle of inhalation, providing the major expansion of the thoracic cavity during quiet breathing?
• Which research type examines relationships between variables without manipulating the independent variable?
• What are the four components of an AAC system represented by SATS?
• Which muscle is the medial belly of the thyroarytenoid (TA)?
• Affrication is the replacement of fricatives by homorganic affricates.
• In experimental research, the dependent variable is defined as
• Normal phonatory airflow rate is approximately which range?
• Which type of memory stores personal experiences and events?
• Which term describes a hypothesis stating there is no difference between groups on a variable?
• During inhalation, what happens to the diaphragm?
• What is another name for the thyrovocalis muscle?
• In AAC, what is an 'aid'?
• What term is commonly used for bedside swallow evaluation?
• A bilingual child shows age-appropriate English but significant Spanish; which statement best describes language status?
• An audiogram shows both air and bone conduction thresholds depressed to about 50 dB HL at all frequencies with no air-bone gap. What type of hearing loss is described?
• Which term is used to describe a phonological disorder classification indicating instability of errors across contexts?
• Deaffrication is the replacement of affricates by
• A patient presents with error sounds /s, ʃ, f, v, t͡ʃ, θ, dʒ/, frequently omits initial consonants and weak syllables. Which diagnosis best fits this pattern?
• Prosopagnosia is commonly described as what?
• Which design is characterized by repeated measurements of the same dependent variable over time or across conditions?
• A patient with chronic hypertension is at high risk for the most lethal type of stroke. Which type is it?
• During a language evaluation, substitutions such as 'tar' for 'car' and 'comb' for 'brush' illustrate which type of errors?
• An adult patient's audiogram reveals air conduction thresholds at 45 dB HL and bone conduction thresholds at 40 dB HL across tested frequencies. What type of hearing loss is indicated?
• Phonotrauma is best defined as?
• Which statement is NOT a characteristic of a vocal fold polyp?
• Deglutition means what?
• A patient presents with sudden onset of voice loss and uses writing to convey that they could not phonate above a whisper after cheering at a football game. Which diagnosis is most likely?
• Odynophagia means what?
• Murphy and Evans (2019) studied the effects of phonological awareness treatment in a group of children with Down syndrome compared to a control. This design is a
• What is the pass criterion for pediatric pure-tone screening?
• Which statement best describes compensatory versus rehabilitative treatment strategies for dysphagia?
• In facilitating context, what does the example with a velar nasal leading to a velar stop illustrate?
• Damage to the trigeminal nerve (CN V) would most directly affect which function?
• Around 12 months of age, which behavior is most likely to be observed?
• Which SMART term represents the time component of a goal?
• In a cochlear implant, which component is implanted inside the cochlea to stimulate the auditory nerve?
• A 6-year-old child with significant middle ear effusion; which configuration on pure-tone audiometry is most likely?
• Which muscle is an intrinsic laryngeal muscle?
• Which muscle abducts the vocal folds in ABSD?
• Stage 3: Vocal play or expansion (3-8 months) corresponds to which option?
• A pediatric client substitutes interdentalized sounds for s and z and says /θɪnk/ for sink; phonemic contrasts are intact. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Executive control of attention is a multifaceted skill that encompasses all of the following EXCEPT:
• Using consonant-vowel notation, which syllable structures correctly describe the words 'Quack' and 'Brushing'?
• Which structure insulates the axon to speed conduction?
• A speaker with AMRs that are slow but very regular has which motor dimension most affected?
• What is the consensus about measuring 'pure' attention?
• In CN VII role, which statement is true?
• Which of the following is an alveolar consonant?
• Which task is NOT used to assess nonverbal memory?
• The tongue base is slung in the oral cavity by which muscles from the front and back?
• The ICF framework includes core elements such as functioning, disability, and contextual factors.
• Which two muscles are primarily responsible for tongue base retraction?
• Aphasia is best defined as:
• Which option represents a free morpheme?
• Using a tongue depressor in therapy is considered what type of cue?
• Which design uses structured instruments to collect descriptive data from large samples?
• Which option lists the combination CAPE-V and GRBAS as a perceptual assessment?
• Internal memory strategies rely on ____ processes, whereas external memory strategies rely on ___ aids.
• Mr. Ray is unable to move on the left side; which hemisphere is affected?
• The study of ethical issues emerging from advances in technology, medicine, and biotechnical engineering is called?
• In a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and a swallowing evaluation, what is the most appropriate treatment approach?
• During a book reading activity, questions like 'how do you know', 'how did you decide this', and 'if you didn't know, how could you find out' are used to assess...
• In pure-tone audiometry, what is the primary clinical reason for delivering masking noise to the non-test ear?
• Which statement best describes the purpose of the effortful swallow?
• If a child or adult fails a hearing screening, what is the recommended next step?
• Which statement best describes a language disorder?
• Which sound is an affricate?
• The term referring to redistribution of blood from separate brain arteries to other areas is which?
• In a 56-year-old patient with language deficits and normal brain imaging and no history of brain injury, which diagnosis is most likely?
• In morphology, which option represents a bound morpheme?
• Which statement best describes cluster reduction in child phonology?
• Which LOSS component corresponds to understanding how to overcome the limitations of the AAC system?
• Phonological delay: Which describes patterns that would be described for a normally developing child at a younger chronological age?
• Paradoxical Vocal Fold Movement (PVFM) is best described as?
• Vocal fold hemorrhage is most accurately described as?
• The end products of articulatory motor processes that represent physical sound realities are called
• Which statement best differentiates articulation disorder from phonological disorder?
• Why can the same motor speech disorder look different in children versus adults?
• During the Mendelsohn maneuver, how long should the larynx be held at maximal elevation after the height of swallow?
• Which domain of language covers the social use of language?
• A patient cannot read. Which hemisphere and area are likely affected?
• Which variable is the outcome measured as a result of the manipulated variable?
• Which form of memory involves remembering to perform actions at a future time or when a certain event occurs?
• Which neural system is responsible for voluntary, skilled movement?
• Fringe vocabulary comprises which of the following?
• Contraction of the diaphragm allows air inside (diaphragm moves down).
• Which component of a cochlear implant is responsible for converting sounds into a digital signal?
• Which parameter is determined by the rate at which air passes between the vocal folds during phonation?
• Which instrument uses a visual-analog scale to rate overall severity and related attributes such as roughness, breathiness, and strain?
• Among the fricatives, which is typically among the earlier developing sounds in mainstream American English?
• Which statement best describes the frequencies used in standard hearing screening?
• In the GRBAS perceptual rating scale, which component represents overall severity?
• Which statement best describes the super-supraglottic swallow technique?
• Selective attention is best described as focusing on a target while suppressing competing input.
• An audiogram demonstrates air conduction thresholds averaging 60 dB HL and bone conduction thresholds averaging 30 dB HL. How should this impairment be categorized?
• In Jane's writing goal, what is the required paragraph structure the student should produce when given a topic and a graphic organizer?
• Collateral circulation is more effective when blockage is near which part?
• Tympanometry primarily assesses:
• Thyrovocalis muscle is attached to ____ process of the arytenoid cartilage.
• What does the acronym for SMART goal stand for?
• Which form of neglect involves reduced processing of visual stimuli, affecting spatial attention?
• In pediatric norms, what is the F0 range for girls aged 6-10?
• Which of the following describes mixed hearing loss on an audiogram?
• What is the term for the process of bringing stored memories back into conscious awareness?
• Which of the following is an example of a nasal sound?
• Backing involves
• It takes your patient 20 minutes to drive to your office. She left her house at 9:50 am for a 10:00 am appointment. This suggests she struggles with...
• Phonological disorder: Which term describes impairment in understanding the sound system and the rules for sound combinations?
• Developmental language disorder (DLD) is best described as which of the following?
• A fourth-grade student with difficulties in phonological/orthographic associations, automaticity and fluency, and underlying language abilities would most likely have which impairment?
• In common speech assessments used in audiology, which test is the first to be administered in an audiometric evaluation to determine the lowest level at which spondee words can be understood 50% of the time?
• Failure to recognize one's own deficits describes which cognitive phenomenon?
• A patient presents with a breathy voice and reports choking on water during a evaluation. Which nerve is most likely damaged?
• Which manner is defined by a very narrow opening between articulators, producing audible friction?
• Dysguessia means what?
• Which statement is true about ABR testing?
• What is the purpose of voice banking for people with ALS?
• Among phonological non-contrastive approaches, which is used to emphasize high-frequency vocabulary and functional words?
• Which nerve is most likely damaged by thyroid surgery to explain loss of sensation above the vocal folds?
• What are the two compartments of the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle, and where are they located?
• Which condition is primarily a language impairment due to brain damage?
• Which nerve innervates tensor veli palatini?
• Which part of the brain is closely associated with the formation of new long-term memories?
• Articulation: The totality of motor movements involved in the production of the actual sounds that comprise speech.
• Which muscle is extrinsic?
• What is the purpose of bone conduction testing?
• Which infrahyoid muscle is structurally positioned to assist in approximating the thyroid cartilage and hyoid?
• In a Word Recognition Test, what is the usual score metric?
• Inability to complete contralateral tasks suggests damage to which brain structure?
• Which factor may NOT limit converting a visual attention task into an auditory one?
• What is the pediatric hearing screening threshold in decibels?
• Which statement correctly describes the roles of afferent and efferent cells?
• Which cranial nerve is responsible for hyolaryngeal movement during swallowing?
• Which task is most sensitive to sequencing difficulty?
• Which LOSS competency focuses on understanding how to use the aided and/or unaided AAC system?
• Which statement best describes apraxia of speech?
• Which dysarthria type is associated with Parkinson's Disease?
• Which arrangement correctly places ASHA's levels of evidence in order from highest priority/most rigorous to lowest?
• In memory processing, encoding is described as
• Occlusion of which artery typically results in deficits in vision and memory?
• Visuospatial neglect after a stroke most commonly results from damage to which hemisphere?
• Which of the following is not typically included in CAPE-V perceptual assessments?
• Which of the following is an intrinsic laryngeal muscle?
• Which statement correctly identifies phonological non-contrastive approaches?
• Which set describes the three key language milestones typically achieved between 18 and 24 months?
• When is AAC most appropriate?
• Which muscles are responsible for tense (tensor) action of the vocal folds?
• If a standardized, norm-referenced language test has high sensitivity, what does this psychometric property guarantee?
• A patient has genetic degeneration of outer hair cells within the cochlea. Which type of hearing loss will this structural damage produce?
• Which core vocabulary category includes question words such as why, what, where, when, and how?
• Which of the following is a core domain of cognition that involves focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli?
• Which statement best describes the mechanism of LSVT therapy?
• Which AAC layout is fixed display and organized according to parts of speech and their relationships within a semantic-syntactic framework?
• A child shows errors across several phoneme classes including initial consonant deletion and weak syllable deletion in a consistent pattern. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Checking action allows you to ____
• Which of the following is an example of implicit memory?
• Morphology is best described as the study of
• What outcome demonstrates learning that generalizes beyond therapy sessions?
• Which of the following is an upper motor neuron sign in ALS?
• Which term describes the color or quality of a sound in auditory perception?
• The child says 'look doggy,' 'more cookie,' 'no bed,' and 'mommy good.' Which description best fits this speech sample?
• What is reduplication?
• Which of the following is a type of dysarthria?
• Residue in the pyriform sinuses is most likely when which physiologic correlate is observed?
• Which statement about Consistent/Persistent Phonological Disorder is true?
• Right hemisphere damage is most commonly caused by which of the following?
• Which of the following describes the Tissue Model components?
• Phonation Threshold Pressure (PTP or Pth) is defined as the minimum level of lung pressure required to sustain phonation at a given pitch.
• A traumatic brain injury is defined as an acquired brain injury caused by an applied force resulting in widespread damage to cortical and subcortical structures. Which option best matches this definition?
• Dysphagia may refer to difficulties in which region(s)?
• The arcuate fasciculus is a component of the superior longitudinal fasciculus that connects which regions?
• What is another name for sound modification in articulation therapy?
• Disconnection between the limbic system and the frontal lobe most likely affects which brain structure?
• In Speech Reception Threshold testing, spondee words are defined as what?
• Phonetics: Which statement best describes phonetics?
• Which statement is true about GERD and LPRD?
• If a child has intact phonemic contrasts but misarticulates, which diagnosis is most likely?
• Which description best describes the oral transit phase of swallowing?
• Speech sound disorder (SSD) is defined as
• Which statement about otoacoustic emissions (OAE) testing is true?
• Frequencies are measured in which unit?
• Which description defines the bilabial place of articulation?
• A school-age child has difficulty understanding structural prefixes, suffixes, and root words. Which domain of language is primarily affected?
• Which statement correctly defines phonemic inventory?
• Voicing refers to whether the vocal folds vibrate during production.
• If a patient has denervation of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), which deficit would most likely be the result?
• Which approach best reflects training whole movements in speech therapy?
• Which description best captures the cocktail party problem?
• Which grid lists activities in chronological order such as a visual schedule or first/then?
• Which of the following lists the three components of laryngeal closure during swallowing?
• Which part of a neuron receives signals from other neurons?
• The Circle of Willis is best described as?
• Cognitive communication refers to interruption to thinking and perception processes which impact communication. Which option best captures this concept?
• A baseline condition demonstrates a predictable pattern that can be compared with the intervention. Which term fits the blank?
• The s/z ratio threshold for pathology is:
• A patient with a right-hemisphere stroke shows left neglect, failing to attend to stimuli on the left side. Which condition is most likely present?
• Which description matches facilitating context in articulation therapy?
• Which statement accurately describes ALS?
• Stage 1: Reflexive crying and vegetative sounds (birth-2 months) corresponds to which option?
• Which of the following describes sensorineural hearing loss on an audiogram?
• The larynx is the lowest structure in the upper respiratory tract.
• Which term describes the study of the patterns of sounds in a language?
• Which statement about right-hemisphere damage and attention is true?
• Why is the following goal not considered high-quality? Miles will ask for clarification when directions are unclear in 7 out of 10 opportunities.
• Which statement is true about the 4 Finger Method for swallowing assessment?
• Which statement about eliciting language samples via tests is presented in the material?
• What is the core principle of the complexity approach in phonological SSD treatment?
• Spasmodic dysphonia is described as a CNS disorder involving basal ganglia with Adductor and Abductor subtypes.
• Left anterior cerebral artery infarct is unlikely to cause which symptom?
• Which is an example of a GAS goal addressing memory?
• Which muscles are the vocal fold adductors in Adductor SD?
• Which statement best describes phonology?
• What is the normal hearing range in dB HL according to ASHA?
• Which statement best describes the articulation therapy goal?
• Which statement about FEES is true?
• Weak syllable deletion refers to
• Articulation-based and phonology-based speech sound disorders can co-occur.
• Which are the five components of language commonly referenced in language disorders?
• During a cycle of vocal fold vibration, which part of the vocal fold comes together first?
• In a normal hearing audiogram, which combination of air conduction (AC), bone conduction (BC), and air-bone gap is expected?
• Core vocabulary represents what percentage of words communicated?
• A 55-year-old man with right-sided throat pain and chronic dysphonia is suspected to have which condition?
• Which research design is used to develop theory from data via coding and constant comparison?
• What does the Mendelsohn maneuver involve?
• The phrase 'want to' pronounced /wʌnə/ is an example of which assimilation?
• Primary muscle tension dysphonia is defined as which of the following?
• Which statement best describes articulation therapy focusing on placement of articulators?
• Which of the following is an AAC technique?
• Which statement accurately describes the esophageal phase?
• What is the normal range for adult female fundamental frequency (F0)?
• Which core vocabulary category includes words such as like and no?
• If a cognitive screening tool has high specificity, what does this psychometric property guarantee?
• Which test assesses speech perception using sentences or phrases rather than single words?
• Which parameter describes the degree of horizontal excursion of the vocal folds?
• What is the first stage of memory processing?
• Which research design focuses on the lived experiences of participants and seeks to describe the essence of those experiences?
• Which AAC layout is dynamic and may require multiple alphabetical boards?
• A patient repeats information and has difficulty paying bills. Which lobe may be damaged?
• The rules describing permissible combinations of phonemes in a language are called
• Which of the following is an acoustic parameter of voice?
• Which of the following is not considered a core executive function process?
• Which statement correctly describes phonemic contrasts in phonological versus articulation disorders?
• Xerostomia means what?
• Which muscle forms the lateral belly of the thyroarytenoid (TA)?
• Prosopagnosia is associated with damage to which hemisphere?
• Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for velopharyngeal closure during swallowing?
• Which statement best describes a principle of neuroplasticity?
• In AAC, which of the following best defines symbols?
• Muscle tension dysphonia is best described as?
• Which tympanogram configuration is most consistent with otitis media with effusion?
• Assimilation is best described as adaptive articulatory changes causing a speech sound to become similar to a neighboring sound segment.
• Which statement about unilateral vocal fold paralysis is true?
• What best reflects the relationship between attention and aphasia?
• Taste sensation for the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is mediated by which cranial nerve?
• What are the three phonetic categories in the standard framework?
• The harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR) represents which of the following?
• A study in which patients with colon cancer are asked what kinds of food they have eaten and the answers are compared with a selected control group.
• Which AAC layout is organized according to events within the individual's day (routines/activities) and is fixed?
• For a patient with ALS experiencing progressive dysarthria, which proactive management approach is best?
• Maximal oppositions approach uses two sounds that are maximally different in their distinctive feature components to treat which group?
• Which cranial nerve initiates the pharyngeal swallow?
• The statement 'The described productions indicate a pattern typical for a child this age' is
• Which option represents the most natural-sounding voice restoration method?
• The Bernoulli Principle predicts that pressure within the glottis ___ as particle velocity of air molecules within the glottis increases. The __ theory of voice production incorporates this principle.
• Which statement is NOT a principle of neuroplasticity?
• Which of the following is a component of a non-instrumental bedside swallowing evaluation?
• Epenthesis is defined as
• Which domain governs the rules for how words are combined?
• A 3-year-old boy interrupts and seems rude; speech is clear but the child has trouble getting to the point of the message. Which language area is most likely impaired?
• Which option is not typically classified as an AAC barrier in a school setting?
• Language-based reading disorder (LBRD) is defined as
• When is Knowledge of Results most beneficial in motor speech treatment?